Convert content in text file to upper case or lower case

Given a text file we can convert content in it to upper case or lower case. Following are some ways to achieve it.

To upper case conversion:

With dd:

$ dd if=input.txt of=output.txt conv=ucase

With tr:

$ tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' < input.txt > output.txt

To lower case conversion:

With dd:

$ dd if=input.txt of=output.txt conv=lcase

With tr:

$ tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' < input.txt > output.txt

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